How to Choose the Right Overhead Door Closer

Overhead door closers are an important part of a door’s performance, helping it close safely, securely and reliably after each use. However, choosing the right closer involves more than selecting a product that suits the appearance of the door.

The door’s size, weight, location and frequency of use all need to be considered, along with the type of frame, the available fixing position and whether the door is a designated fire door.

In this guide, we explain the most common fitting applications and some of the terminology you may encounter when specifying an overhead door closer.

 

What is an overhead door closer?

An overhead door closer is a mechanical device fitted at the top of a door or frame. It controls the door as it returns to the closed position, preventing it from being left open and helping to reduce slamming.

Door closers are commonly used in commercial buildings, communal areas and other busy environments. They are also frequently required on fire doors, where the closer helps ensure that the door returns to the closed position after use.

The correct product and installation method will depend on the individual door and its application.

The three main overhead door closer fitting applications

1. Standard fitting application – Figure 1

With a standard fitting application, the closer body is fixed to the pull side of the door. This is the most common installation method and is suitable for many straightforward door and frame arrangements.

Before choosing this method, check that there is sufficient space at the top of the door for both the closer body and arm, and that the door construction is suitable for the required fixings.

2. Transom fitting application – Figure 66

In a transom fitting application, the closer body is fitted to the frame on the push side of the door.

This arrangement may be useful where the closer cannot be fixed directly to the door or where the frame provides a more suitable fixing position. The frame dimensions and surrounding details should always be checked before installation.

3. Parallel arm fitting application – Figure 61

For a parallel arm application, the closer is fitted on the push side of the door, with the arm arranged so that it sits more closely alongside the door when closed.

This can provide a neater, less projecting arrangement and may be preferred in locations where a conventional arm could be vulnerable to damage. As the fitting position can affect the closer’s performance, the selected model must be suitable for parallel arm installation.

Useful overhead door closer terminology

Understanding the available functions makes it easier to identify a closer that suits the door and the people using it.

Controlled closing

Most overhead door closers include an adjustment valve that allows the main closing speed to be controlled. Correct adjustment helps the door close smoothly rather than slamming or moving too slowly.

Adjustable latch action

Latch action controls the speed of the door through approximately the final 10 degrees of closing. It can provide the extra movement needed to help the door overcome a latch or the resistance created by intumescent and smoke seals.

Adjustable backcheck

Backcheck provides cushioning during the opening cycle. It can help reduce the risk of the door being thrown open forcefully, protecting users and nearby walls or fittings.

Backcheck is not a substitute for a correctly positioned door stop.

Delayed action

Delayed action holds back the closing cycle for a short period, giving users more time to pass through the opening. This can be particularly helpful in some accessible environments and where people may move more slowly.

If delayed action is being considered for a designated fire door, the closer’s relevant fire test evidence and certification must be checked for the intended application.

Slide arm application

A slide arm, or guide rail, uses a single arm connected to a channel fitted above the door. It offers a more streamlined appearance than a projecting scissor arm and can be helpful where projection needs to be reduced.

It may not be suitable where the door has projecting architraves, so the door and frame details must be checked carefully.

Power adjustment by template

Some closers allow the closing force to be altered by changing the position of the closer body in accordance with the manufacturer’s fitting template.

Power adjustment by spring

With spring power adjustment, the closing force can be altered after installation by adjusting the spring tension. This provides greater flexibility when setting the closer to suit the door size and site conditions.

What should you consider when choosing a door closer?

Before specifying an overhead door closer, consider:

  • The door’s width, height and weight

  • Whether the door opens inward or outward

  • The door and frame construction

  • The available fixing space

  • How frequently the door will be used

  • Internal or external location and exposure to wind or air pressure

  • Accessibility requirements and the opening force experienced by users

  • Whether the door is a fire door

  • The required closing, latch, backcheck or delayed-action functions

  • The preferred arm type and appearance

The closer must be compatible with the proposed fitting application. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions and check any relevant test evidence, certification and door-set requirements before installation.

Choosing a closer for a fire door

A fire door closer is a safety-critical component. The product must be suitable for the door, installed in an approved configuration and adjusted so that the door closes fully into its frame from any angle of opening.

Do not assume that every function or fitting position is automatically approved for fire-door use. Check the closer manufacturer’s current documentation and the requirements of the complete fire-door assembly. Installation and ongoing maintenance should be carried out by a competent person.

Need help specifying an overhead door closer?

With different power sizes, arm configurations and control functions available, choosing the correct closer can feel complicated. The SDS London team can help you review the door, frame, usage and fitting requirements and identify a suitable option for your project.

Browse our range of overhead door closers or contact our team on 020 7228 1185 for technical support.